![]() Mixing and thhave been at the center of the debates on national identity for most of the twentieth century. However, in Portugal, the terms miscigenação and mestiçagem are more commonly used in preference to creolization to refer to cultural and racial If we think about this usage of creolization as identity and culture, Portugal has had a creolized past and continues to have a creolized present. For example, today, while crioulo refers to the official language in Cape Verde, it has come to mean also Cape Verdean identity and culture. Ever since the word was coined by the Portuguese and Spanish explorers during the sixteenth century, creole ( crioulo in Portuguese) and creolization have meant different things in different times and places ( Stewart 2007). ![]() Cultural creolization, understood as the intermingling and mixing of two, or several, formerly discrete traditions or cultures, has been applied to societies such as Louisiana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Réunion and Mauritius ( Spitzer 2003 Eriksen 2007). Although a fluid concept, creolization generally refers to the socio-cultural results of the interaction between African slaves, European settlers, Asian indentured workers and indigenous peoples. ![]() Social sciences have borrowed the term creolization from linguists who tracked the emergence of new languages from two or more pre-existing languages. ![]()
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